[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.hilma.cz\/protilatky-a-jejich-funkce\/#Article","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/www.hilma.cz\/protilatky-a-jejich-funkce\/","headline":"Protil\u00e1tky a jejich funkce","name":"Protil\u00e1tky a jejich funkce","description":"Na na\u0161em zdrav\u00ed se nezastupiteln\u011b pod\u00edl\u00ed n\u00e1\u0161 imunitn\u00ed syst\u00e9m. Imunitn\u00ed syst\u00e9m m\u00e1 hned n\u011bkolik slo\u017eek, kter\u00e9 spolu \u00fazce kooperuj\u00ed. Ur\u010dit\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st imunity je imunita specifick\u00e1. … ","datePublished":"2022-10-02","dateModified":"2023-05-03","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.hilma.cz\/author\/#Person","name":"","url":"https:\/\/www.hilma.cz\/author\/","identifier":1,"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/82449f5dd313bdc88befc1a2d3138ce45c5e7d5eeee84221e3cf7fbc184b80d3?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/82449f5dd313bdc88befc1a2d3138ce45c5e7d5eeee84221e3cf7fbc184b80d3?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"hilma.cz","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"\/logo.png","url":"\/logo.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.hilma.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/blood-g11e0640ce_640.jpg","url":"https:\/\/www.hilma.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/blood-g11e0640ce_640.jpg","height":0,"width":0},"url":"https:\/\/www.hilma.cz\/protilatky-a-jejich-funkce\/","about":["Zdrav\u00ed"],"wordCount":401,"articleBody":"Na na\u0161em zdrav\u00ed se nezastupiteln\u011b pod\u00edl\u00ed n\u00e1\u0161 imunitn\u00ed syst\u00e9m. Imunitn\u00ed syst\u00e9m m\u00e1 hned n\u011bkolik slo\u017eek, kter\u00e9 spolu \u00fazce kooperuj\u00ed. Ur\u010dit\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st imunity je imunita specifick\u00e1. To je imunita, kter\u00e1 se rozv\u00edj\u00ed a\u017e po narozen\u00ed, kdy se za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1me setk\u00e1vat s\u00a0antigeny z\u00a0vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Antigen je l\u00e1tka, na kterou um\u00ed imunitn\u00ed syst\u00e9m reagovat. Mohou to b\u00fdt bakterie, viry, ale tak\u00e9 t\u0159eba sou\u010d\u00e1sti j\u00eddla. Specifick\u00e1 imunita m\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st bun\u011b\u010dnou a humor\u00e1ln\u00ed. Humor\u00e1ln\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed jsou protil\u00e1tky. Tyto protil\u00e1tky jsou tvo\u0159eny B lymfocyty, kter\u00e9 se nach\u00e1z\u00ed v\u00a0lymfatick\u00fdch uzlin\u00e1ch a ve slezin\u011b. Tyto lymfocyty mus\u00ed b\u00fdt p\u0159ed t\u00edm, ne\u017e za\u010dnou produkovat protil\u00e1tky, aktivov\u00e1ny antigen prezentuj\u00edc\u00ed bu\u0148kou. Po tom, co jsou B lymfocyty aktivov\u00e1ny, proch\u00e1z\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b dal\u0161\u00ed p\u0159em\u011bnou v\u00a0plazmatick\u00e9 bu\u0148ky, co\u017e je p\u0159esn\u011bji vyjad\u0159uje, kdo produkuje protil\u00e1tky. Protil\u00e1tky jsou nejd\u0159\u00edve m\u00e9n\u011b a pozd\u011bji vysoce specifick\u00e9 pro ur\u010dit\u00fd antigen. To, \u017ee jsou takto specifick\u00e9, je d\u00edky tomu, \u017ee b\u011bhem aktivace B lymfocytu, doch\u00e1z\u00ed k\u00a0p\u0159eskupov\u00e1n\u00ed na genetick\u00e9 \u00farovni. Toto p\u0159eskupov\u00e1n\u00ed genov\u00fdch segment\u016f m\u016f\u017ee prob\u011bhnout r\u016fzn\u00fdmi cestami, proto jsou n\u00e1sledn\u011b plazmatick\u00e9 bu\u0148ky schopn\u00e9 produkovat protil\u00e1tky zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 proti r\u016fzn\u00fdm antigen\u016fm. Protil\u00e1tky m\u016f\u017eeme rozd\u011blit do r\u016fzn\u00fdch t\u0159\u00edd. Jsou to protil\u00e1tky IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG a IgM. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 takov\u00e1 t\u0159\u00edda m\u00e1 sv\u016fj specifick\u00fd \u00fa\u010del. Protil\u00e1tky t\u0159\u00eddy IgA se nach\u00e1z\u00ed na sliznic\u00edch, kde chr\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ed pronik\u00e1n\u00edm antigen\u016f ze vzduchu \u010di potravy. IgD tvo\u0159\u00ed receptory na povrchu B lymfocyt\u016f, IgE jsou velmi d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 p\u0159i obran\u011b proti parazit\u016f a tak\u00e9 p\u0159i vzniku alergi\u00ed. IgG jsou ty nejb\u011b\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, kter\u00e9 nach\u00e1z\u00ed v\u00a0krvi, maj\u00ed schopnost p\u0159ech\u00e1zet p\u0159es placentu a IgM jsou jim lehce podobn\u00e9, ale p\u0159es placentu neprojdou. D\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm faktem je tak\u00e9 to, \u017ee b\u011bhem aktivace B lymfocyt\u016f vznikaj\u00ed tzv. pam\u011b\u0165ov\u00e9 bu\u0148ky, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed schopnost reagovat na antigeny, se kter\u00fdmi jsme se ji\u017e n\u011bkdy setkali, velice rychle a onemocn\u011bn\u00ed se tak nemus\u00ed ani projevit.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        4.4\/5 - (10 votes)        "},{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Protil\u00e1tky a jejich funkce","item":"https:\/\/www.hilma.cz\/protilatky-a-jejich-funkce\/#breadcrumbitem"}]}]